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As a key ocular structure, ciliary muscle has a major role in accommodating both eye and aqueous humor drainage. Recent studies have found that the position and shape of ciliary muscles in myopia are significantly different from those in emmetropia or hyperopia, and the differences of ciliary muscle may affect the progress of myopia by altering ocular accommodation, choroidal tension and intraocular pressure. The present evidence indicating that the thickening of posterior ciliary muscle was associated with the development of myopia, but the mechanism has not been clearly confirmed. This paper summarizes the relationship between the differences of ciliary muscle and myopia, and the possible mechanism of myopia changes affected by ciliary muscle, so as to provide reference for follow-up research.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the influence of different transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) modes on ovarian responses and pregnancy outcomes in patients with infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).@*METHODS@#Two hundred infertility patients undergoing IVF-ET were divided randomly into experimental groups (TEAS groups: E-I, E-II, E-III, and E-IV, 40 cases each group) and a control group (mock TEAS group, 40 patients) using the random number method. The patients in the experimental groups received TEAS treatment of 20, 30, 40 and 50 mA for the E-I, E-II, E-III and E-IV groups, respectively. The control group received a treatment of 5 mA. TEAS was applied at acupoints of Guanyuan (RN 4), Zhongji (RN 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zigong (EX-CA 1), and Taixi (KI 13), once a day for 30 min each time for a treatment period of 10-13 d. Treatment effect was assessed using the following indicators: endometrial thickness on the 6th day of gonadotropin treatment (GN6 day), endometrial thickness on the day on chorionic gonadotropin administration (HCG day), number of ovarian follicles on HCG day, number of ova captured, amount of estrogen required for each harvested ova, number of mature ova divided by the total number of ova, percentage of high-quality embryos, and clinical pregnancy.@*RESULTS@#Endometrial thickness in the experimental groups on the HCG day was significantly better than that of the control group after TEAS stimulation (P=0.01). TEAS exhibited a greater impact on the number of ova captured (P=0.003). However, the effect of TEAS stimulation on the high-quality embryo rate and clinical pregnancy in patients was not statistically significant (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#TEAS is an effective method in improving the ovarian state. When the stimulus intensity was at 40 mA and above, it could be helpful to improve the patient's endometrial condition and endometrial receptivity and to retrieve more oocytes. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR-TRC-11001780).
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Acupuncture Points , Embryo Transfer , Fertilization in Vitro , Infertility , Pregnancy OutcomeABSTRACT
Background@#With the development of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and its increasing success rate in the mainland of China, more attention has been paid to the safety of ART. In this study, we explored the associations between conception by ART and pregnancy/perinatal complications, and neonatal outcomes compared with similar outcomes following spontaneous conception.@*Methods@#This retrospective cohort study of pregnancies over a 3-year period (2013-2015) was performed at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing, China. Subjects were divided into two groups: conception by ART (n = 2256) or spontaneous conception (n = 6768). According to different fertilization modes, the ART group was divided into in vitro fertilization (IVF, n = 1873) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI, n = 383) subgroups. The ART group was also divided into two different embryo transfer methods; fresh embryo transfer (ET, n = 1583) and frozen embryo transfer (FET, n = 673) subgroups. Pregnancy complications, perinatal complications, and neonatal outcomes of the enrolled subjects were investigated and analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.@*Results@#After adjustment for maternal age, gravidity, parity, maternal education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI), pregnancies conceived by ART were associated with a significantly increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.56-2.27), gestational hypertension (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.83-2.60), and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) (OR 2.79, 95% CI 2.15-3.64), compared with spontaneous conception. These associations were similar for the singleton group. In the twin group, only the incidence of ICP was significantly higher than in controls. We found that pregnancies conceived by ART were associated with perinatal complications, including placental abruption (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.33-3.45), premature rupture of membranes (PROM; OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.45), postpartum hemorrhage (OR 2.89, 95% CI 2.33-3.59) and polyhydramnios (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.29-3.16). The singleton group had a similar result with placental abruption, but not with fetal membranes ruptures before labor and polyhydramnios. There were no significant differences in the incidence of these perinatal complications in the twin group. Some neonatal outcomes, including preterm labor (OR 4.29, 95% CI 3.84-4.80) and low birth weight (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.42-2.08), were more likely to occur with singleton births after ART. However, there were no significant differences for these outcomes from twin pregnancies. Perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes were consistent between the IVF and ICSI subgroups. The FET and ET subgroups showed a similar increase in complications, except for the incidence of placental abruption. After taking into account the effects of parity, birth plurality and maternal age, the ART group still exhibited increased maternal and neonatal complications, although some differences narrowed or disappeared.@*Conclusions@#This retrospective cohort study demonstrated that patients who underwent ART were at increased risk of several adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with women who conceived spontaneously. These complications may be attributed in part to the relatively high multiple pregnancy rate after ART. Elective single embryo transfer should be promoted in China to reduce the obstetrical risks of ART pregnancy. Singletons of ART pregnancy exhibited increased maternal and neonatal complications as well, suggesting that underlying infertility or other maternal or parental factors may contribute to the adverse outcomes.
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BACKGROUND@#With the development of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and its increasing success rate in the mainland of China, more attention has been paid to the safety of ART. In this study, we explored the associations between conception by ART and pregnancy/perinatal complications, and neonatal outcomes compared with similar outcomes following spontaneous conception.@*METHODS@#This retrospective cohort study of pregnancies over a 3-year period (2013-2015) was performed at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing, China. Subjects were divided into two groups: conception by ART (n = 2256) or spontaneous conception (n = 6768). According to different fertilization modes, the ART group was divided into in vitro fertilization (IVF, n = 1873) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI, n = 383) subgroups. The ART group was also divided into two different embryo transfer methods; fresh embryo transfer (ET, n = 1583) and frozen embryo transfer (FET, n = 673) subgroups. Pregnancy complications, perinatal complications, and neonatal outcomes of the enrolled subjects were investigated and analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#After adjustment for maternal age, gravidity, parity, maternal education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI), pregnancies conceived by ART were associated with a significantly increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.56-2.27), gestational hypertension (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.83-2.60), and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) (OR 2.79, 95% CI 2.15-3.64), compared with spontaneous conception. These associations were similar for the singleton group. In the twin group, only the incidence of ICP was significantly higher than in controls. We found that pregnancies conceived by ART were associated with perinatal complications, including placental abruption (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.33-3.45), premature rupture of membranes (PROM; OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.45), postpartum hemorrhage (OR 2.89, 95% CI 2.33-3.59) and polyhydramnios (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.29-3.16). The singleton group had a similar result with placental abruption, but not with fetal membranes ruptures before labor and polyhydramnios. There were no significant differences in the incidence of these perinatal complications in the twin group. Some neonatal outcomes, including preterm labor (OR 4.29, 95% CI 3.84-4.80) and low birth weight (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.42-2.08), were more likely to occur with singleton births after ART. However, there were no significant differences for these outcomes from twin pregnancies. Perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes were consistent between the IVF and ICSI subgroups. The FET and ET subgroups showed a similar increase in complications, except for the incidence of placental abruption. After taking into account the effects of parity, birth plurality and maternal age, the ART group still exhibited increased maternal and neonatal complications, although some differences narrowed or disappeared.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This retrospective cohort study demonstrated that patients who underwent ART were at increased risk of several adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with women who conceived spontaneously. These complications may be attributed in part to the relatively high multiple pregnancy rate after ART. Elective single embryo transfer should be promoted in China to reduce the obstetrical risks of ART pregnancy. Singletons of ART pregnancy exhibited increased maternal and neonatal complications as well, suggesting that underlying infertility or other maternal or parental factors may contribute to the adverse outcomes.
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AIM:To study of hypertensive retinopathy and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) correlation.METHODS:Totally 89 cases 140 eyes of patients with hypertensive retinopathy in our hospital from June 2015 to December 2016 and 30 healthy subjects (60 eyes) were selected as the research objects,and were divided into the observation group and the control group,respectively.All of the subjects were examined by direct ophthalmoscope,and the results were classified according to Keith-Wagener four classification.Application of OMRON health care (China) Co.,Ltd.production of BP-203RPE network arteriosclerosis detection device for selected objects of baPWV detection.The levels of baPWV and the results of fundus examination were compared between the two groups,and the correlation between the two methods was analyzed.RESULTS:Detection of baPWV in patients was higher as the hypertension severity increased,there was statistically significant differences between groups (P＜ 0.05).The retinopathy grade was higher,the baPWV detection value was larger,the detection value of every grade was different statistically with others (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Elevated blood pressure is closely related to retinopathy and accelerated pulse wave velocity,relationship between the two values is notable,brachial ankle pulse wave velocity can be used to reflect the level of hypertensive retinopathy.
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The changes of pathophysiology and clinical symptoms in patients with overlap syndrome (OS) are more serious than those of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). OS is more prone to cardiovascular disease, which the makes treatment more difficult and prognosis worse. There is a lack of drugs that can significantly slow or prevent the progression of OS and cardiovascular complications. The damage of vascular endothelium is closely related to cardiovascular diseases. At present, COPD and OSAHS have received extensive attention in the vascular endothelial injury and the treatment. This article summarizes the progress in the mechanism of injury of vascular endothelium in OS in recent years, including the damage of hypoxia, inflammation, oxidative stress and changes of sympathetic nerve activity, and summarizes targeted therapy for vascular endothelial injury, mainly including non-invasive ventilator, cell transplantation and targeted drug treatment. This study provides theoretical basis for the clinical treatment and prognosis improvement in patients with OS.
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Naïve CD4+T cell differentiates into either Th17 or Treg in the microenvironment of various cytokines, among that, Th17 is induced by TGF-β and IL-6, while differentiates into Treg when there is only TGF-β. As the mainly transcription factors of Th17 and Treg respectively, RORγt and Foxp3 have important role in maintaining balance of Th17/Treg. Th17 and Treg are function antagonistically, so the balance of Th17/Treg means a lot for human body. Liver-a metabolic organof the body, it is susceptible to factors in vivo and in vitro. From basal hepatis to end-stage malignancy, common liver diseases are mainly including viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, hepatocellualr carcinoma and parasitic disease of liver, besides, the occurrence and development of all the diseases are correlated to the balance of Th17/Treg.
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Objective To explore the functional mechanism of a Chinese medicine compound “Qiangzhizufang”on rat model of Tourette syndrome ( TS) combined with fear.Methods The rat model of TS combined with fear was established by intraperitoneal injection of 3,3’-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) combined with acoustic stimulation.After giving different drug lavage treatment, the changes of behavior of the rat models were assessed by field test and behavior test.The content of DA, TH and TH mRNA in the brain tissue was detected by HPLC, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, separately.Results Compared with the normal control group, stereotyped behavior and exercise behavior were increased, freezing time prolonged, but the content of DA, TH and TH mRNA in the brain tissue were not obviously changed in the model control group.Compared with the model control group, the stereotyped behavior and exercise behavior were decreased, content of DA, TH and TH mRNA in the brain tissue was decreased in the “Qiangzhizufang” group. Conclusions The Chinese medicine compound“Qiangzhizufang” can improve the behavior in rat models of TS combined with fear.This effect may be realized through down-regurating TH mRNA expression, reducing the content of TH, and reducing the dopamine synthesis.
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Objective To establish a real time PCR assay with a novel fluorescence quencher for identification of mutation of clarithromycin -resistance gene of Helicobacter pylori.Methods Two mutations of 23S rDNA gene in Helicobacter pylori,No.2142 and 2143,were chosen as targets for detection,and then the primers and the probe with a novel fluorescence quencher were designed.The genome DNA of Helicobacter pylori was extracted,and then detected by real time PCR reported here.Meanwhile,the specificity,reproducibility and sensitivity of the assay were evaluated.Finally,the real time PCR described here,the real time PCR based on TaqMan,and a sequencing assay were applied to detect 55 Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from clinical specimens,respectively.The results from three assays were compared with each other in order to further evaluate the applicability of this assay in clinic.Results It indicated that the mutation points related to clarithromycin -resistance,A2142G and A2143G,were identified by real time PCR with a novel fluorescence quencher rapidly and accurately.Moreover the coefficient of variation was less than 5%.The limit of detection was 100 copies/reaction.While this assay was applied directly to detect 55 Helicobacter pylori strains,the results were in accordance with those obtained from a TaqMan real time PCR and a sequencing assay,respectively.Conclusion The real time PCR described here was a simple,reliable and accurate approach and substituted for the TaqMan real time PCR for identification of two mutation points of clarithromycin -resistance,A2142G and A2143G in Helicobacter pylori.Thus,a novel tool for diagnosis of gene mutation was provided and the results might be regarded as a substantial evidence for clinical individual therapy.
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Senna is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine at present. After the preliminary research that the drug medication history in China is not long, in our country ancient times, only "Hui prescription" in the records, other all kinds of traditional Chinese medicine literature rarely mentioned. Since modern times, the Chinese medicine in the medicine in the literature of the time and the modern western medicine books in the Chinese version of the time generally close, may be related to the introduction of Western medicine. At the end of Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Chinese literature about the drug property theory of herbal medicine is seldom discussed, and had been seen as "western medicine" (foreign medicine), with the medication experience continue to accumulate, widespread popularity and other factors, the drug gradually Chinese scholars have constructed a relatively complete theory of the resistance, so as to realize the "localization".
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate that the role of Axin in regulating the invasion and migration ability of lymphoma cells and explore the molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of Axin, β-catenin, MMP7, and MMP9 were detected in different lymphoma cell lines by RT-PCR and Western blotting. A lymphoma cell line with low Axin expressions was transiently transfected with pCMV5-HA-Axin and pcDNA5-His-β-catenin plasmid, and the expressions of β-catenin, MMP7, and MMP9 mRNA and protein were observed. A lymphoma cell model stably overexpressing Axin was transfected with AXIN-shRNA and β-catenin-shRNA, and the changes in β-catenin, MMP7, and MMP9 cexpressions were observed. The changes in the invasion and migration abilities of this cell model were assessed following Axin knockdown.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the lymphoma cell lines tested, the Axin expression showed a negative correlation with β-catenin, MMP7, and MMP9 expressions. In Raji cells with a low Axin expression, overexpression of Axin resulted in decreased expressions of β-catenin, MMP7, and MMP9 at the protein levels but not the mRNA levels, and overexpression of β-catenin obviously increased MMP7 and MMP9 mRNA and protein expressions. In the cells with stable Axin overexpression, Axin knockdown caused increased expressions of β-catenin, MMP7, and MMP9 at the protein levels but not the mRNA levels, while β-catenin knockdown caused lowered expressions of MMP7 and MMP9 and suppressed cell invasion and migration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In lymphoma cells, Axin overexpression can decrease the expression of β-catenin, which in turn decreases the expressions of MMP7 and MMP9 to inhibit the cell invasion and migration.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Axin Protein , Genetics , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Down-Regulation , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Lymphoma , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 , Metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 , Metabolism , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , RNA, Messenger , RNA, Small Interfering , Transfection , beta Catenin , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To explore if the day surgery for cataract is safe and should be popularized. Methods From September to October in 2015, among the patients who received the ultrasonic phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in the cataract department of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, according to the admission time, one hundred and three patients were chosen respectively from the day ward(the experimental group)and the traditional ward(the control group)based on the purposive sampling. The average time of waiting for admission, the falls events before admission, the awareness about postoperative considerations, the postoperative complications and the infection rate between the two groups were compared. Results The average time of waiting for admission in the experimental group was much shorter than that in the control group, (6.36 ± 4.02) days vs. (21.35 ± 18.58) days. The difference was significant (Z=-8.386, P<0.01). The rate of falls before admission in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group and the difference was significant, 9.71%(10/103) vs. 20.39%(21/103),χ2=4.595, P<0.05. No infection happened in both groups. Conclusions The day surgery model doesn′t increase the risk and is as safe as the traditional surgery model. It should be extended as it also has the advantages of shorter hospital stay, less medical resource consumption and less hospitalization expenses, besides, it saves time and labor. What′s more, the mean waiting time for hospitalization for day surgery is shorter. It means the patients can receive the operation as soon as possible, which ensures the patients′safety, and reduce the unsafe factor in their life, bring the benefit to the society.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) assay for Acinetobacter pittii typing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymorphic VNTRs were searched by Tandem Repeats Finder. The distribution and polymorphism of each VNTR locus were analyzed in all the A. pittii genomes deposited in the NCBI genome database by BLAST and were evaluated with a collection of 20 well-characterized clinical A. pittii strains and one reference strain. The MLVA assay was compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for discriminating A. pittii isolates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten VNTR loci were identified upon bioinformatic screening of A. pittii genomes, but only five of them showed full amplifiability and good polymorphism. Therefore, an MLVA assay composed of five VNTR loci was developed. The typeability, reproducibility, stability, discriminatory power, and epidemiological concordance were excellent. Compared with PFGE, the new optimized MLVA typing scheme provided the same and even greater discrimination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with PFGE, MLVA typing is a faster and more standardized alternative for studying the genetic relatedness of A. pittii isolates in disease surveillance and outbreak investigation.</p>
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter , Classification , Genetics , DNA Fingerprinting , Methods , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Minisatellite Repeats , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the effect of surgical staging and using craft bone with vancomycin for the treatment of calcaneal fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to December 2012,13 patients with open calcaneal fractures were treated including 9 males and 4 females with an average of 35.2 years old ranging from 23 to 66. All cases were emergency cases. According to Sanders classification of calcaneal fractures, 2 cases were type II, 7 cases were type III, 4 cases were type IV. According to Gustilo-Anderson soft tissue injury classification, 8 cases were type II, 2 cases were type III A, 2 cases were type III B, 1 case were type III C. Firstly a thorough debridement or VSD procedures were applied,secondly calcaneal fracture were treated with open reduction, plate fixation and bone graft complex with antibiotics. Based on clinical examination, radiographic evaluation, and American Foot and Ankle Surgery Society (AOFAS), ankle function were evaluated after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Open wounds were headed after dressing and repairing,, lateral calcaneal wound were healed during the first period. All patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months (means 14.5 months). Fracture healing time was 14 to 20 weeks (means 16.2 weeks). Last follow-up AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was (80.0 +/- 7.4) ranging from 55 to 95.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For patients with open fractures, through reasonable clinical evaluation, staging operation, using bone graft with antibiotics can reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infection and promote fracture healing.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bone Transplantation , Methods , Calcaneus , Wounds and Injuries , General Surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Fracture Healing , Fractures, Open , General SurgeryABSTRACT
In 2013, the World Health Organization reported the first case of human infection with a new influenza A (H7N9) virus in China. This has caused damage and panic within certain areas in China. Therefore, analysis of this virus with bioinformatics technology is very necessary. Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the most important antigens of the influenza virus and an important target for anti-flu drugs. In this study, the nucleotide and protein sequences of NA gene of A/H7N9 influenza viruses were retrieved from the NCBI database, and MEGA 5.0 software was employed to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide coding sequence; BioEdit software was used to align the nucleotide and protein sequences of NA and calculate the homologies of nucleotides and amino acids and then to analyze the important mutation sites of NA gene. The results demonstrated that the spread of influenza virus H7N9 showed certain geographical and temporal relations. The H7N9 virus isolated from China in 2013 belonged to Euroasiatic serotype, and its NA stalk region hadobvious variation, which may be one of the reasons that this virus infects human. These analyses may be very helpful for understanding the evolutionary relationship and mutation trend of A/H7N9 influenza viruses.
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Humans , Databases, Genetic , Evolution, Molecular , Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype , Genetics , Mutation , Neuraminidase , Chemistry , Genetics , Phylogeny , Sequence AnalysisABSTRACT
In order to investigate the prevalence and track genetic and antigenic evolutions of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and their prevalence in Guangxi, China since 1985, gene amplification and sequencing and virus neutralization (VN) test on chicken embryo tracheal organ cultures were used in genotyping and serotyping of 28 IBV isolates during 2009-2011 in Guangxi. The results of N gene sequencing and comparison showed that the 28 isolates and reference strains were classified into three groups, and most isolates belonged to group Ill, while the isolates in 1985-2008 belonged to groups IV and II. The data of VN test indicated that the 28 isolates belonged to 6 serotypes; among them, 71. 4% belonged to serotypes 1, 2, and 3, and 11 (39.3%) shared the same serotype with the current vaccine strains. Given the data of our previous study, it is found that prevalent serotypes and their proportions varied in different areas of Guangxi and during different periods. These data lay a good foundation for developing an oil-emulsified inactivated polyvalent vaccine containing local dominant serotypes for the effective prevention and control of infectious bronchitis.
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Animals , Chick Embryo , Antibodies, Viral , Allergy and Immunology , Chickens , China , Epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections , Epidemiology , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Infectious bronchitis virus , Classification , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Poultry Diseases , Epidemiology , Allergy and Immunology , VirologyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of a health education and behavior intervention project,and to provide.a scientific basis for brucellosis control.Methods By stratified cluster sampling method,target population from 6 township in Meilisi District were randomly selected to carry out baseline survey.Of these 6 townships 4 were selected as intervention townships,and two as control townships.A health education and behavior intervention program was carried out in intervention townships,and after intervention target population from 6 township were participated in the questionnaire survey.Results Awareness rate of common sense knowledge of farmers in intervention townships was 84.33％ (5237/6210) after intervention which was significantly higher than 53.56％ (2003/3740),before the intervention (x2 =112.49,P ＜ 0.01),and also higher than 54.15 ％ (1787/3300) of the control after the intervention (x2 =101.53,P ＜ 0.01).Average awareness rate(82.13％,2550/3105) of common sense on prevention after intervention was significantly higher than 58.77％(1099/1870) before the intervention (x2 =57.19,P ＜ 0.01).After intervention,average awareness rate of common sense on prevention was significantly higher than that of the average of control townships (70.36％,1161/1650,x2 =25.49,P ＜ 0.01).The awareness rate of treatment before intervention was 36.80％ (116/299),which increased to 76.36％ (436/571)after intervention (x2 =119.38,P ＜ 0.01).After the intervention the awareness rate of intervention townships was significantly higher than that of the controls (33.72％,88/261,x2 =139.69,P ＜ 0.01).In survey of these high-risk behavior in intervention townships,in addition to cattle and sheep which were regularly immunized in the intervention townships(35.91％,121/337),and the control townships(32.01％,97/303,x2 =1.08,P ＞ 0.05) and their difference was not significant,other processing such asapoblema,killing cattle,sheep,cattle to deliver,cutting the wool,regular disinfection,and accuracy of high-risk behavior protection were significantly higher than those of controls[89.83％(106/l18),91.07％(51/56),84.75％(150/177),66.67％(32/48),73.78％(242/328),51.22％(42/82),75.56％(34/45),33.69％(63/187),27.78％(15/54),21.63％(61/282),x2 value were 38.00,5.82,103.84,15.84 and 173.67,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion After implementation of health education and behavioral intervention,farmers brucellosis prevention knowledge and awareness of risk behaviors have significantly improved,which have achieved the desired effect.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate extraction of Saxifraga stolonifera.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC analysis was performed on a Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with isocratic elution of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 256 nm and the column temperature was set at 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate extraction of S. stolonifera has been established. There were fifteen common peaks, seven of which were identified by reference substances. The RSD of relative retention time was less than 3% in the precision and repeated tests. Eleven samples from different area can be distinguished from their fingerprints.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is reasonable and reliable and can be used for quality control of S. stolonifera.</p>
Subject(s)
Acetates , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Quality Control , Saxifragaceae , ChemistryABSTRACT
Background Orthokeratology has been proved to temporarily alter the equivalent sphere,but its effects on visual quality deserve attention.Objective The present study was to investigate the visual quality after overnight orthokeratology in pre-adolescent myopes.Methods Written informed consent was obtained form each subject prior to entering into this series.A descriptive study design was used.One hundred and fifty eyes of 76 teenagers aged (14.90± 1.24)years with low and moderate myopia (-2.79 ± 0.82)D were included in the study.Fitted with Ortho-K contact lens,the lens was wore every night for over 8 hours.Subjective refraction,uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),contrast sensitivity function,corneal-topography,and aberrometry were examined before,1 week and 3 months after the initiation of orthokeratology.Visual quality was generally evaluated by comparing before wearing,1 week and 3 months after wearing using the National Eye Institute refractive error quality of life instrument (NEI-RQL-42TM).All the procedures were performed by the same clinician.Results Spherical equivalent refractions were (-0.33± 1.02) D and (-0.26 ± 0.60) D 1 week and 3 months after orthokeratology,showing significant decline in comparison with (-2.79±0.82) D of before orthokeratology (P =0.001,0.001).However,no considerable difference was seen between 1 week and 3 months after orthokeratology (P=0.161).Contrast sensitivity function was significantly different in all spatial frequencies before wearing,1 week and 3 months after wearing,and those of 1 week and 3 months after wearing were significantly lower than those of before wearing (1 week:3 cpd P =0.001,6 cpd P=0.001,12 cpd P＜0.05,18 epd P＜0.05 ;3 months:3 cpd P=0.001,6 cpd P=0.001,12 cpd P＜0.05,18 cpd P＜0.05).There was no significant change in contrast sensitivity function between 1 week and 3 months of orthokeratology (P＞0.05).Flat K,steep K and corneal eccentricity (e) were significantly reduced (P =0.000),and surface asymmetry index (SAI) and surface regularity index (SRI) were significantly improved after orthokeratology in comparison with before orthokeratology (both P =0.001).Root mean square (RMS) of total higher-order,third-order and fourth-order aberrations were significantly increased (P＜0.05),but RMS of whole aberration and second-order aberrations significantly decreased after orthokeratology (P＜ 0.05).There were no significant changes in the fifth-order,sixth-order and seventh-order aberration among pre-wear,1 week and 3 months after orthokeratology.Scales of dark to bright,nocturnal driving,glare,visual fluctuate and halo were lower than those before orthokeratology (P＜0.05).The scales of visual fluctuate between 1 month and 3 months after orthokeratology had significant differences (P＜0.01),while the rest of the scales had no significant differences (P＞0.05).Conclusions Orthokeratology can reduce myopic diopter 1 week after orthokeratology.The overnight wearing of fitted orthokeratology can decrease contrast sensitivity and increase corneal surface irregularity and RMS of third-order and fourth-order.Compared with spectacles,orthokeratology reduces subjective visual quality,especially nocturnal quality.
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Objective To explore the value of AKRIBIO combined with GPC-3 in improving the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The microarray including 75 HCC and adjacent tissues was subjected to immunohistochemistry detection of AKRIBIO and GPC-3 expression. A Logistic regression diagnostic model was established using the results of tissue microarray (training group). The ROC curves (the receiver-operating characteristic curve) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of AKRIBIO, GPC-3 or their combination. The Logistic regression diagnostic model was validated with 200 HCC and adjacent tissues (testing group). Results For the training group, the AUC values of AKRIBIO, GPC-3, and AKRIBIO combined with GPC-3 were 0. 773, 0. 800, and 0. 931, respectively. The sensitivity of AKRIBIO and GPC-3 were 56% and 61. 3%, respectively, and their specificity was both 98. 7%. AKRIBIO combined with GPC-3 yielded a sensitivity of 88. 0% and a specificity of 97. 3%. For the testing group, sensitivity and specificity of AKRIBIO combined with GPC-3 were 97. 0% and 96. 5%, respectively. Conclusion AKRIBIO combined with GPC-3 can greatly improve the sensitivity and specificity of HCC immunohistochemical diagnosis, and it should be used when necessary in addition to the routine pathological assessment.